What Foods Should I Avoid with Ulcerative Colitis?

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the large intestine and rectum. Managing ulcerative colitis involves a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and dietary modifications. Certain foods can trigger flare-ups and exacerbate symptoms, so it’s essential to know what to avoid to maintain a stable condition.

Foods to Avoid

High-Fibre Foods

While fibre is generally good for digestion, high-fibre foods can be problematic during UC flare-ups. Foods like raw fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts can increase bowel movements, gas, and cramping. Instead, opt for cooked or steamed vegetables, and peel fruits to reduce their fibre content.

Dairy Products

Many people with ulcerative colitis are lactose intolerant, meaning they have difficulty digesting lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. Consuming milk, cheese, and ice cream can lead to bloating, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. Try lactose-free alternatives or plant-based milk options like almond or soy milk.

Spicy Foods

Spicy foods can irritate the digestive tract and worsen UC symptoms. Avoid hot peppers, chilli powder, and spicy sauces. Opt for milder seasonings like herbs and spices that do not irritate the gut.

Fatty Foods

Foods high in fat, such as fried foods, fatty cuts of meat, and certain oils, can be difficult to digest and may trigger symptoms. Choose lean proteins like chicken, turkey, and fish, and cook them using healthier methods like baking or grilling.

Caffeine and Carbonated Drinks

Caffeine can stimulate the intestines and increase bowel movements, leading to diarrhoea and cramping. Carbonated drinks can cause gas and bloating. Limit your intake of coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks. Herbal teas and water are better alternatives.

Alcohol

Alcohol can irritate the digestive tract and lead to inflammation. It can also interfere with medication used to manage UC. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and observe how your body reacts.

Sugary Foods

Foods high in sugar, such as candies, pastries, and sugary beverages, can cause diarrhoea and gas. Sugars can ferment in the gut, leading to increased gas production. Opt for natural sweeteners like honey or stevia in moderation.

Artificial Sweeteners

Artificial sweeteners found in diet sodas, sugar-free gum, and certain processed foods can cause digestive issues. Ingredients like sorbitol and xylitol can lead to bloating, gas, and diarrhoea. Read labels carefully and avoid products containing these sweeteners.

High-FODMAP Foods

FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) are short-chain carbohydrates that can cause digestive distress. High-FODMAP foods include certain fruits (apples, pears), vegetables (onions, garlic), dairy products, wheat, and legumes. A low-FODMAP diet, under the guidance of a healthcare professional, can help manage symptoms.

Foods to Include

While it’s important to know what foods to avoid, it’s equally crucial to focus on foods that can be beneficial and soothing for individuals with ulcerative colitis. Here are some foods that are generally well-tolerated and can help manage UC symptoms:

Low-Fibre Fruits

Opt for fruits like bananas, melons, and applesauce, which are lower in fibre and easier to digest.

Well-Cooked Vegetables

Choose cooked or steamed vegetables like carrots, potatoes, and squash, which are gentler on the digestive system.

Lean Proteins

Incorporate lean protein sources such as chicken, turkey, fish, and tofu. These are easier to digest and can help maintain muscle mass.

Refined Grains

Refined grains like white rice, pasta, and white bread are often better tolerated than whole grains, as they are lower in fibre.

Probiotics

Probiotic-rich foods like kombucha and kefir can help promote a healthy gut microbiome. Opt for varieties with live active cultures and no added sugars.

Healthy Fats

Include healthy fats from sources like avocados, olive oil, and nut butters in moderation. These fats are generally well-tolerated and can provide essential nutrients.

Broths and Soups

Clear broths and soups can be soothing and hydrating, making them a good option during flare-ups.

Hydration

Staying hydrated is crucial, especially during flare-ups. Drink plenty of water, herbal teas, and electrolyte solutions as needed.

Dietary Tips for Managing Ulcerative Colitis

• Keep a Food Diary: Tracking what you eat and any symptoms that arise can help identify potential trigger foods and inform dietary adjustments.
• Small, Frequent Meals: Eating smaller, more frequent meals can be easier on your digestive system and help manage symptoms.
• Chew Thoroughly: Take your time to chew food thoroughly, which aids in digestion and reduces the burden on your digestive tract.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to stay hydrated and help your digestive system function properly.
• Consult a Dietitian: Working with a registered dietitian who specialises in inflammatory bowel disease can help create a personalised eating plan that meets your nutritional needs while managing symptoms.

Conclusion

Managing ulcerative colitis involves careful attention to your diet to avoid foods that can trigger symptoms and include those that can help maintain gut health. By avoiding high-fibre foods, dairy products, spicy foods, fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, sugary foods, artificial sweeteners, and high-FODMAP foods, you can reduce the risk of flare-ups and maintain a more comfortable and balanced lifestyle.

For expert advice and comprehensive treatment for ulcerative colitis in Singapore, visit GUTCARE. Our specialists are dedicated to providing the best care and support to help you manage your condition effectively. We also provide information on the cost of treatments for heartburn and abdominal pain in Singapore.

Reference(s):

https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/create-an-ulcerative-colitis-plan

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317836

https://www.healthline.com/health/ulcerative-colitis-foods-avoid