Blood in Stool: When You Should Seek Medical Attention

Finding blood in your stool can be alarming, but it’s important to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical attention. This article will delve into the common causes of blood in stool in Singapore, symptoms to watch for, and when it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional.

Common Causes of Blood in Stool

1. Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus, which can cause bright red blood in the stool. This condition is often accompanied by itching, discomfort, and pain during bowel movements. Haemorrhoids are commonly caused by straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, or pregnancy. Treatment options include over-the-counter creams, lifestyle changes such as increased fibre intake, and in severe cases, surgical procedures.

2. Anal Fissures

Small tears in the lining of the anus, known as anal fissures, can lead to bleeding and pain during bowel movements. These tears are usually caused by passing large or hard stools. Anal fissures can be very painful, and the bleeding is often bright red. Increasing fibre intake, staying hydrated, and using stool softeners can help manage and prevent anal fissures. In persistent cases, topical medications or surgical intervention may be necessary.

3. Diverticular Disease

Diverticular disease involves the formation of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon wall. When these pouches become inflamed or infected (diverticulitis), they can cause bleeding. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. Mild cases can often be treated with rest, a liquid diet, and antibiotics. Severe cases may require surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon.

4. Colorectal Polyps

Polyps are growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While they are usually benign, some can become cancerous, causing blood in the stool. Regular screening, such as colonoscopy, is essential to detect and remove polyps before they develop into colorectal cancer. The removal of polyps is a preventive measure that can significantly reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.

5. Colorectal Cancer

Blood in the stool can be a symptom of colorectal cancer, especially if accompanied by changes in bowel habits, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Screening methods include faecal occult blood tests, colonoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy. Treatment options depend on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in Singapore cause chronic inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to symptoms like diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool. IBD is a serious condition that requires medical management. Treatment typically involves medication to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery to remove damaged sections of the digestive tract.

7. Gastrointestinal Infections

Infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites can cause inflammation and bleeding in the digestive tract. Common symptoms include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and fever. Treatment depends on the cause of the infection and may include antibiotics, antivirals, or antiparasitic medications, along with supportive care such as hydration and rest.

8. Angiodysplasia

Angiodysplasia is a condition where abnormal blood vessels form in the gastrointestinal tract, which can bleed. This condition is more common in older adults and can cause chronic or intermittent bleeding. Diagnosis often involves endoscopic procedures, and treatment may include endoscopic interventions to cauterise the bleeding vessels or medications to manage the condition.

9. Peptic Ulcers

Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum can cause bleeding, which may appear as dark, tarry stools. Peptic ulcers are often caused by H. pylori infection or the use of NSAIDs. Treatment includes medications to reduce stomach acid, antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection, and lifestyle modifications to avoid ulcer triggers.

10. Oesophageal Varices

Enlarged veins in the oesophagus, known as oesophageal varices, can rupture and cause significant bleeding. This condition is often related to liver cirrhosis and requires immediate medical attention. Treatment may include medications to reduce portal hypertension, endoscopic procedures to control bleeding, or surgery in severe cases.

Symptoms to Watch For

While finding blood in your stool can be unsettling, it is essential to monitor for other symptoms that might indicate a more severe condition:

• Changes in bowel habits, such as persistent diarrhoea or constipation
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue or weakness
• A feeling of incomplete evacuation after a bowel movement

If you experience any of these symptoms along with blood in your stool, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While occasional minor bleeding may not be cause for immediate concern, certain situations warrant prompt medical attention:

• Persistent or Heavy Bleeding: Continuous or heavy bleeding requires immediate evaluation to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.
• Severe Pain: If you experience severe abdominal or rectal pain along with bleeding, seek medical attention promptly.
• Blood in Vomit: Vomiting blood, or the appearance of coffee ground-like material, is a sign of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and requires urgent medical care.
• Dizziness or Fainting: Symptoms of significant blood loss, such as dizziness or fainting, indicate a need for immediate medical evaluation.
• History of Cancer or Family History of Colorectal Cancer: If you have a personal or family history of colorectal cancer, it is crucial to report any occurrence of blood in the stool to your doctor for further investigation.

Conclusion

While finding blood in your stool can be alarming, understanding the potential causes and knowing when to seek medical attention can help manage your health effectively. Early detection and treatment are key to addressing the underlying causes and preventing complications.

For comprehensive evaluation and treatment of blood in stool in Singapore, visit GUTCARE. Our specialists can provide the necessary care and support to manage your digestive health effectively.

Reference(s):

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemorrhoids/symptoms-causes/syc-20360268

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/blood-in-stool

https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/blood-in-stool