Could GERD Cause More Serious Health Complications?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated with symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and chest discomfort. For many, these symptoms are bothersome but manageable. However, GERD can lead to more serious health complications if left untreated. Understanding these risks is essential for recognising when to seek medical intervention.

What Happens in GERD?

In GERD, the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the oesophagus. This acid can irritate the oesophagus lining, causing inflammation and other symptoms. While occasional heartburn is common, chronic GERD can lead to more significant health problems.

1. Esophagitis

Esophagitis is the inflammation of the oesophagus due to repeated exposure to stomach acid. Over time, this can cause the oesophageal lining to erode, resulting in pain, difficulty swallowing, and bleeding. Without treatment, esophagitis can lead to the formation of ulcers or scar tissue in the oesophagus.

Symptoms of esophagitis include severe heartburn, chest pain, and trouble swallowing. Those suffering from GERD in Singapore with persistent symptoms may require medical intervention, such as medications or even surgery, to prevent further damage.

2. Barrett’s Oesophagus

Barrett’s oesophagus is a more serious condition that can develop in long-term GERD sufferers. The constant exposure of the oesophagus to stomach acid can cause the cells in the oesophagus lining to change, increasing the risk of developing oesophageal cancer.

Barrett’s oesophagus often doesn’t produce noticeable symptoms beyond typical GERD, making regular monitoring crucial for high-risk patients. Diagnosis is typically made through an endoscopy and biopsy, which can be done during a Singapore colonoscopy or other diagnostic procedures.

3. Oesophageal Stricture

Chronic GERD can lead to the development of an oesophageal stricture, which is a narrowing of the oesophagus. This occurs due to scar tissue formation from repeated damage and healing cycles. Strictures make swallowing difficult and can lead to food becoming stuck in the oesophagus.

Patients with oesophageal strictures may experience weight loss, choking, and malnutrition due to difficulty eating. Treatment often involves endoscopic procedures to widen the oesophagus, providing relief from symptoms.

4. Oesophageal Ulcers

In cases of severe GERD, the acid reflux can cause open sores or ulcers in the oesophagus. These ulcers can lead to pain, difficulty swallowing, and even bleeding. If the bleeding is severe, it may result in vomiting blood or passing bloody stools, both of which are medical emergencies that require immediate attention.

Treatment for oesophageal ulcers usually involves acid-suppressing medications and dietary changes. Severe cases may need endoscopic evaluation to assess the extent of the damage.

5. Aspiration Pneumonia

GERD can also increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia, a serious lung infection. This occurs when stomach contents, including acid, are inhaled into the lungs, especially during sleep. Chronic GERD patients are more prone to this, as the acid reflux can make its way into the airway.

Symptoms of aspiration pneumonia include coughing, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Patients experiencing these symptoms should seek immediate medical attention, as pneumonia can be life-threatening if not treated.

6. Chronic Cough and Asthma

Chronic cough is another potential complication of untreated GERD. The irritation from stomach acid in the oesophagus can trigger the cough reflex. Some patients may also develop asthma-like symptoms, as acid reflux can constrict the airways, leading to wheezing and shortness of breath.

If you have asthma or a chronic cough that worsens at night or after meals, GERD could be the underlying cause. Treating GERD may alleviate these respiratory symptoms and improve overall lung function.

7. Tooth Decay

Surprisingly, GERD can also affect your dental health. The acid from reflux can wear away the enamel on your teeth, leading to increased sensitivity, tooth decay, and gum disease. Dentists may notice enamel erosion in GERD patients, prompting further investigation into acid reflux symptoms.

Preventing GERD Complications

While GERD can lead to serious health problems, early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of complications. Lifestyle changes like dietary modifications, weight management, and quitting smoking can alleviate GERD symptoms. Avoiding trigger foods and eating smaller meals can also help.

For more severe GERD cases, medications that reduce acid production or strengthen the LES are available. In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the underlying issue.

When to See a Doctor

It’s crucial to seek medical advice if GERD symptoms persist or worsen. Vomiting blood, unexplained weight loss, difficulty swallowing, and chronic chest pain should never be ignored. Early intervention can prevent the progression of GERD into more serious conditions.

Conclusion

GERD is more than just a nuisance; it can lead to significant health issues if left untreated. Understanding the risks and seeking timely treatment can prevent complications like esophagitis, Barrett’s oesophagus, and even cancer. I

f you’re struggling with GERD, it’s important to consult with a specialist in Singapore. At GUTCARE, we offer comprehensive care to manage your symptoms and safeguard your digestive health.

Reference(s):

https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/untreated-heartburn

https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/gerd-and-related-conditions#complications